Extinct Animals Part 2

         A lot of animals in ancient animal who could not we see today. Here, I will tell some of the animals are already extinct and the information. 

Turanian Tiger, Caspian Tiger

Caspian Tigers lived in China, Tajikistan, Iran, Afghanistan and Turkey.  They were hunted for their furs and to protect livestock.  A ban on hunting the Caspian Tiger in the USSR in 1947 followed their greatest destruction in the 1930s.  The last Caspian Tiger reported shot was in 1957.

Steller's Sea Cow

Steller's Sea Cow was discovered in the Aleutian Islands by George Steller while exploring with Vitus Bering in 1741. They grew as large as 35 feet long and weighed up to three-and-a-half tons.    Sailors ate their meat and used their leather.  They were easily killed and vanished from their only home within 30 years after Steller's discovery.

Spectacled Cormorant, Pallas' Cormorant

Also discovered in the Aleutian Islands by George Steller while exploring with Vitus Bering in 1741.  The Spectacled Cormorant was extinct within about a century.

Dodo, Roland Savery

In 1505, Portuguese explorers discovered the island of Mauritius and the 50 lb flightless Dodos which supplemented their food stores.  Imported pigs, monkeys and rats fed on the Dodo's eggs in their ground nests.  The last Dodo was killed in 1681.

Irish Deer

Herds of the Giant Irish Deer lived in Europe and Ireland during the late Pleistocene until about 10,000 or 11,000 years ago.  It stood six feet high at its shoulders, the size of Moose, and its broad antlers spanned ten feet.

Cave Bear

The Cave Bear lived in Europe during the Pleistocene (1.8 million years ago to 11,000 years ago) from 500,000 years ago until 10,000 years ago.  Their remains have been found in caves where they lived and early humans left their drawings on cave walls.  When upright, they stood 12 feet tall.

Saber Tooth Tiger

Saber tooth tigers lived in Europe and North America.  They were fast runners for short distances and probably ambushed their prey in packs.  The Hoplophoneus species lived 20 million years ago.  The Smilodon species lived during the Pleistocene from 1.6 million years ago to 10,000 years ago when it became extinct. 

Cave Lion

Cave Lions were the largest cat that ever lived, larger than modern day lions, almost 5 feet tall at the shoulder. Paintings of  have been found in caves of Europe and Asia, and even an ivory sculpture.  Some migrated to North America 100,000 years ago.  They became extinct around 10,000 years ago.

How To Plant a Tree

Planting a tree isn't as simple as just digging a hole and throwing the tree in it. If you want your tree you're planting to survive and thrive, here's what to do.

THE STEP

1. Select the right time of year for planting the tree. Do not plant in late spring or summer because the heat will stress the plant and may cause it to die. The best time to plant a tree is fall (autumn) or early spring.

2. Check to see if there are any local requirements concerning digging deep holesif you need to dig near telephone and other cables (for example, in urban areas). We have already contacted Miss Utility and have been cleared to dig.

3. Choose a suitable tree for the region, climate, and space.

• Research local cultivars of species native to your area. If you will plant a non-native species, consider carefully why. We have chosen all native trees which will do well in our area.

4. Prepare the hole. Take a suitable shovel and dig a hole that is 2-3 times the width of the root ball, not just enough so it will fit. This lets the roots ease in more easily and begin to grow outwards into the soil. It also allows you to cut off the wire root basket if there is one.

• Try to dig the hole with a small "pedestal" of dirt in the center of the hole where the tree will rest. The hole should be a little deeper around the edges but there should be a pedestal of dirt in the center where the root ball sits. This pedestal prevents the root ball from sitting continuously in water. Any excess water will naturally flow to the deeper areas of the hole around the edges where the roots can drink from if needed. Having a pedestal in the center of the hole is very important since one of the major reasons why trees die is "drowning", meaning the tree is getting too much water and the root ball is sitting in a pool of water. The point where the tree comes out of the ground should be slightly higher than the ground around it. Slightly higher means 1/4 to 1/2 inch. This prevents water from collecting next to the base of the trunk which causes the tree to rot.
• Use the garden cultivator to loosen the dirt all around the hole to make it easier for the roots to spread.

5. Prepare the tree for planting. The process is slightly different for a small tree and a large tree:

• If it is a small tree, then you can turn it upside down gently to get it out of the pot. You could also cut some plastic containers to remove them.
• If the tree is larger and has a net or a hessian or rope bag, you might need to use large scissors or a sharp knife to cut through the packaging. Avoid handling the tree with the burlap off. Put it in the hole, then cut as much of the wire basket and burlap as you can from around it. The goal is to keep as much dirt around the roots as possible; moving the tree more than absolutely necessary can easily cause air to get to the roots and dry them out, even inside the root ball.
• Don't leave a tree's roots out of its container or burlap for too long. Especially in sun and wind, it could dry out and damage the roots.

Place the tree into the hole so that the crown will be level with or slightly higher than the soil.  

6. Place the tree into the hole gently. Be sure the hole isn't too deep or too shallow. The ground level of the plant in the pot should match up with the ground level after you fill the hole in. Do not bury over the crown(where the stem changes to root) or leave any roots exposed.

• You can place the handle of your shovel flat across the hole from one side to the other to measure whether the crown is level with the surrounding soil before filling in the hole.

7. Use some compost or composted manure if needed. If the soil that you currently have is not rich, has clay-like qualities or if it has the consistency of dust or sand, the addition of manure or compost will give the tree a great start in life. Backfill three quarters of the hole with existing dirt, one quarter with compost or composted manure.

8. Resist the temptation to use a commercial fertilizer; it tends to overboost the tree and make it less likely to do well over the long term. A great benefit to new trees, however, is an organic mixture that includes micorrhizae, beneficial fungi that enhance a tree's uptake of soil nutrients. It may also include rock phosphate, a natural root-growth enhancer.

9. Give fruit and nut trees extra attention. Adding manure or compost is essential if you are planting a fruit or nut tree. Backfill two thirds of the hole with existing dirt and one third with compost or composted manure for each fruit or nut tree.

10. Water the newly planted tree. Allow settling, backfill the remaining soil, and water again. This will eliminate air pockets. Water one gallon (3.7 liters) for every six inches (15 cm) of tree height.

11. Mulch, mulch, mulch! Cover the planting hole with 1-3 inches (2.5 cm - 7.6 cm) of shredded hardwood or leaf mulch. Keep the mulch 2-3" away from the trunk or the trunk will rot. Don't over-mulch the tree, either. A few inches are enough to keep water in and most weeds out. Mulch a circle out to the drip line, about the same width as the tree's leaves.

• A visible patch of mulch also helps remind people not to step or mow or run a string trimmer too close to the tree.

12. Water it again. After the planting is finished come back in about an hour and water one more time.

13. Stake the tree if necessary, for about the first year. Make sure that whatever stakes you use are tied loosely to the trunk and do not dig into the bark or tighten around the tree. Remove the stakes once the roots have a chance to become established, after about the first year. Staking protects the tree against blowing over in the wind, and it can also help to remind people moving around the tree not to run into it.

14. Keep watering your tree for the first few years as it gets established. Depending on the climate and your area, it will need weekly watering until the roots are established. To form deep roots, water deeply. A long, slow trickle of water will water more deeply than a quick sprinkling. Remember, deep roots help your tree to resist droughts and winds. Let the ground dry out, at least somewhat, between watering.

15. Enjoy the tree as it grows over the years with you, your family and friends. Appreciate its shade and beauty and thank yourself for adding another tree to the world.

You can see the video klik here